<p>De Witt Cottage, also known as Holland Cottage and Wittenzand, is a historic home located at Virginia Beach, Virginia. It was built in 1895, and is a two-story, "L" shaped oceanfront brick cottage surrounded on three sides by a one-story porch. It has Queen Anne style decorative detailing. It has a full basement and hipped roof with dormers. A second floor was added to the kitchen wing in 1917. The de Witt family continuously occupied the house as a permanent residence from 1909 to 1988.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Museum</h2><br>
<p>Since 1995 the cottage has been home to the Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Museum. The museum displays include bird decoys, bird art and sculptures, vintage shotguns, hunting memorabilia, and a pictorial history of Virginia Beach.</p><br>
<p>Crompton-Shenandoah Plant, also known as The Mill at South River, is a historic textile factory complex located at Waynesboro, Virginia. The complex includes 11 contributing buildings and 8 contributing structures involved in the dyeing and finishing of the gray corduroy and velveteen goods. The historic buildings and structures were built beginning in 1926 through 1948. The complex includes two plant buildings, a machine shop/supply storage building, a former enameling plant, a boiler house, a water softener building, a chemical storage building, a lab, a gate house/personnel office, an office building and a retail store. The factory closed in the 1980s along with most Crompton Corporation plants.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>1983 → October 1983 using AWB</comment></p><br>
<p>General Electric Specialty Control Plant is a 115 acre historic factory complex located at Waynesboro, Virginia. The complex includes three contributing buildings, one contributing site (the original formal entry drive), and two contributing structures. The historic buildings and structures are a 340,000-square-foot main plant building (1953–1955, 1960), the original water tower, water tank, a group of evolved and interconnected construction sheds built from 1953 to the present, and an airplane hangar (c. 1927). The property, a former airport, was acquired by General Electric in 1953. The Waynesboro plant was one of some 120 individual operating departments created as part of a decentralization effort by the General Electric Corporation. The Specialty Control Plant was responsible for the development of breakthrough technologies in areas ranging from America’s military efforts to space travel to computer technology. The facility was sold to GENICOM on October 21, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The property was originally on General Electric Drive. After the GENICOM sale, it was renamed GENICOM Drive. In 1994, GENICOM internally reorganized into two separate companies: Enterprising Solutions Services Company (ESSC) and Document Solutions Company (GENICOM). The road north of Hopeman Parkway was renamed Solutions Way while the southern part remained GENICOM Drive at the request of property owners in that area.</p><br>
<p>In 2000, GENICOM entered bankruptcy and the building was sold to the newly formed Solutions Way Management. The substantially downsized GENICOM operated as a tenant through its 2003 merger that formed TallyGenicom until a further bankruptcy and dissolution in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Solutions Way Management rents much of the facility to companies for light manufacturing, warehousing and distribution.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1950s the General Electric Company was a highly centralized operation with six major manufacturing "works", as they were called. They were located in Schenectady, NY; Pittsfield, MA; Lynn, MA; Philadelphia, PA, Erie, PA; and Ft. Wayne, IN. At that time, under Ralph Cordiner&#39;s presidency, a major decentralization occurred whereby larger business groups were divided into individual operating departments, with new plants built in many different locations across the country.</p><br>
<p>The previous Industrial Control Division, located in Schenectady, NY,</p><br>
<p>was subdivided into four such departments, each of the first three</p><br>
<p>with a common product line sufficient for efficient and viable</p><br>
<p>operation as separate entities. The Industry Control Department,</p><br>
<p>building control systems for large industry such as cranes, steel,</p><br>
<p>paper, marine and submarine panels, and similar segments of industry,</p><br>
<p>was located in Salem, VA. The General Purpose Control Department,</p><br>
<p>building smaller control components such as relays and contractors for</p><br>
<p>general industrial applications, was located in Bloomington, IL. The</p><br>
<p>Appliance Control Department, building control systems for the</p><br>
<p>company&#39;s consumer products; i.e., refrigerators, oil burners, and</p><br>
<p>small switching devices, was located in Morrison, IL. The Specialty</p><br>
<p>Control Department came to Waynesboro, VA, bringing the remaining</p><br>
<p>heterogeneous components of the original Control Division, no one of</p><br>
<p>which could survive as a separate entity as could the first three.</p><br>
<h2>Expansion</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>In 1953, GE purchased the old, no longer used, Waynesboro airport,</p><br>
<p>consisting of 75 acres of land located just west of the Norfolk &Western Railroad and north of what was to become Hopeman Parkway—43 of them improved with the plant, parking lots, and finished</p><br>
<p>grounds. Construction of the new plant began, and by the summer of</p><br>
<p>1954 had reached a point where production of photoelectric devices</p><br>
<p>was begun with the relocation of supervisory personnel from</p><br>
<p>Schenectady, and the hiring of approximately 10 women from the local area.</p><br>
<h3>Planning</h3><br>
<p>The original planning group that moved to Waynesboro from Schenectady</p><br>
<p>in 1954 included:</p><br>
<p>Dr. L. T. Rader, General Manager</p><br>
<p>Maggy Fitzgibbons, Secretary to Mr. Rader</p><br>
<p>Ernie Hutton, Engineering</p><br>
<p>Charles Hughes, Purchasing</p><br>
<p>Cyril Lee, Planning</p><br>
<p>Joe Ponzillo, Manufacturing</p><br>
<p>Fred Curto, Buildings and Grounds</p><br>
<p>Bill Walker, Laboratory</p><br>
<p>This group became the operating committee to oversee the subsequent</p><br>
<p>startup and transfer of personnel to Waynesboro.</p><br>
<h3>1954 - Operations Begin</h3><br>
<p>In its first full year of operation, the new department hired 400</p><br>
<p>factory people, who, for the most part, had never had an industrial</p><br>
<p>job before. For many it was their first job ever.</p><br>
<p>Waynesboro and the surrounding area experienced a major building boom</p><br>
<p>in 1955 as over 140 GE families began relocating to work in the new</p><br>
<p>facility. The old apple orchard west of the city, principally the</p><br>
<p>Cortland Street area, rapidly filled with new homes. Similarly, Club</p><br>
<p>Court became another haven for new arrivals. Others filled many</p><br>
<p>vacant lots, not only in Waynesboro, but Augusta County as well. The</p><br>
<p>local families graciously welcomed the newcomers from the north, and</p><br>
<p>helped to facilitate a smooth transition and assimilation into their</p><br>
<p>new home. Over the next few years there were many new churches built</p><br>
<p>to accommodate an expanding membership, a new hospital was built to</p><br>
<p>replace a sorely out-moded facility on West Main Street, and shopping</p><br>
<p>in the area underwent a major overhaul.</p><br>
<h3>Area employment</h3><br>
<p>Considering the years of operation and the peak employment of 3200</p><br>
<p>during the late 1970s when GE was rivaling Dupont as the largest</p><br>
<p>employer in the area, the total number of employees to pass through</p><br>
<p>the Waynesboro works may well match the entire population of the</p><br>
<p>city. Many came and found their life&#39;s career. Others moved on</p><br>
<p>through while seeking the end of their rainbow while still others,</p><br>
<p>growing weary of the structured working environment, returned to</p><br>
<p>their agrarian roots.</p><br>
<h3>Infrastructure Renovations</h3><br>
<p>The original entrance to the new plant was a narrow lane across the</p><br>
<p>railroad at the north end of the property, and from US 340, the old</p><br>
<p>entrance to the airport. GE had insisted that a bridge be constructed</p><br>
<p>over the railroad to remove the safety hazard of many vehicles</p><br>
<p>crossing the railroad each day, and this was accomplished within two years.</p><br>
<h3>Product variety</h3><br>
<p>The variety of products that was produced at the new location was as</p><br>
<p>extensive as it was varied. Such variety attests to the incredible</p><br>
<p>breadth and degree of technical and application expertise that</p><br>
<p>existed throughout the first 20 years. At least one person on the</p><br>
<p>staff was knowledgeable about practically every scientific phenomenon</p><br>
<p>except medicine and genetics. A partial list included:</p><br>
<p>Hermetically sealed relays primarily for aerospace and military applications</p><br>
<p>Numerical Control Systems for machine tools, with input from tracers, punched tape, punched cards, magnetic tape, and digital switches. Ultimately, some were computer directed.</p><br>
<p>Thy-Mo-Trol and Statotrol adjustable speed drives for the white print industry, winding/loop control, and many others where regulated, but adjustable, speed was required</p><br>
<p>Regulators and static exciters for electrical power generation systems</p><br>
<p>Photoelectric devices for a wide range of applications, including pinhole detectors, register controls, speed, and loop controls</p><br>
<p>The marketing of selsyns (manufactured in Ft. Wayne) for remote indication and control</p><br>
<p>Hot-box detectors for detecting over-heated bearings on railroad cars</p><br>
<p>Aircraft and military products, (mostly at 400 Hz) including airborne protective panels, static exciters, regulators, military ground power supplies, regulators (navy) and amplidyne regulators, and, the power supply for the Lunar Excursion Module of the early moon probe.</p><br>
<p>Machinery Automation systems that included weighing systems, test and inspection systems, and automated material control systems</p><br>
<p>Width (thickness) gages for sheet steel using nuclear radiation.</p><br>
<p>This diversity had a positive effect as the department was in a</p><br>
<p>better position to weather the ups and downs of the normal business</p><br>
<p>cycles that occurred over the years, requiring fewer layoffs and</p><br>
<p>having a leveling effect on GEs and the local areas economic</p><br>
<p>stability, than that which occurred elsewhere. It should be noted</p><br>
<p>that the Specialty Control Department was the only GE component that</p><br>
<p>had turned a profit in the first year of its move.</p><br>
<h3>1958 - State Resistance to Racial Integration</h3><br>
<p>In 1958, a major crisis occurred when Sen. Harry Byrd, who controlled</p><br>
<p>the politics in Virginia, launched a program of massive resistance to</p><br>
<p>the integration of blacks and whites, with the result that most</p><br>
<p>public schools in Virginia were closed. Because 10,000 children had</p><br>
<p>no means of public education, private schools began to be formed.</p><br>
<p>Specialty Control felt that this was an issue that should be</p><br>
<p>addressed, and after discussion with GE management most likely to be</p><br>
<p>affected, Specialty Control became the GE spokesman for the effort.</p><br>
<p>An association was formed in northern Virginia and Dr. Rader,</p><br>
<p>representing the GE plants in Virginia, joined the organization. He</p><br>
<p>gave many talks on the subject, mainly in northern Virginia, and his</p><br>
<p>main point was that if the State continued with this policy, no</p><br>
<p>Fortune 500 Company would locate in Virginia. It had a positive</p><br>
<p>effect on the issue. It may not have been just a rumor that Dr. Rader</p><br>
<p>threatened to remove the General Electric presence from Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Feelings ran very high on the subject of school closings.</p><br>
<p>The governor appointed a legislative committee to study the matter,</p><br>
<p>and they recommended that the State cease its resistance. The</p><br>
<p>recommendation was put to a vote in the Virginia Assembly and it</p><br>
<p>passed by one vote. This was the first time that the GE presence in</p><br>
<p>Virginia took an active part in the State&#39;s political activity.</p><br>
<h3>1960: major expansion</h3><br>
<p>In 1960, a major expansion took place, adding both office and</p><br>
<p>manufacturing space plus a new auditorium and cafeteria to the</p><br>
<p>growing facility. It also included the addition of a "white room" for</p><br>
<p>the assembly of critical hermetically sealed relays.</p><br>
<p>The Waynesboro GE plant grew and prospered with many new</p><br>
<p>developments. Within the first decade of their arrival, existing</p><br>
<p>products expanded and by the late1960&#39;s a new product line known as</p><br>
<p>Terminet came into being. A special development team under Kirk</p><br>
<p>Snell, with John Larew, Seymour Depew and others, temporarily took</p><br>
<p>over a small facility (formerly an independent used car agency) in</p><br>
<p>Fishersville to develop the new product, utilizing solid-state</p><br>
<p>technology and printed circuit boards, thus offering a line of</p><br>
<p>printer terminals for the computer and business data field dominated</p><br>
<p>primarily by Teletype. Of the 25 or so employees in that group, only</p><br>
<p>one, Paul Morris, is still working in the local printer works. The</p><br>
<p>belt printer technology they developed was so viable that it was</p><br>
<p>shipped in printers for nearly 20 years.</p><br>
<h3>Early 1970s: Division of the Specialty Control Department</h3><br>
<p>In the early 1970s, the original Specialty Control Department was</p><br>
<p>divided into two separate departments with the growing numerical</p><br>
<p>control group becoming the Numerical Equipment Control Department.</p><br>
<p>Joe Ponzillo and Warren Kindt headed these departments as General</p><br>
<p>Managers, respectively.</p><br>
<p>From the beginning of operations in Waynesboro, the Specialty</p><br>
<p>Control Department had five general managers: Dr. Louis T. Rader, who</p><br>
<p>later became Vice President of the Division. Dr. John Hutton</p><br>
<p>succeeded Dr. Rader, followed by Paul Ross. Joe Ponzillo and Warren</p><br>
<p>Kindt were each general managers of Specialty Control, having changed</p><br>
<p>positions after the formation of the Numerical Equipment Control Department.</p><br>
<h3>1979 - Move from Waynesboro to Charlottesville</h3><br>
<p>By 1979, GE-Waynesboro was bulging at the seams. This resulted in the</p><br>
<p>transfer of the Numerical Equipment Control Department into a new</p><br>
<p>facility north of Charlottesville, VA, where it became a part of the</p><br>
<p>Manufacturing Automation Systems Division and now partnered with</p><br>
<p>long-time competitor Fanuc.</p><br>
<h2>Closure</h2><br>
<h3>Late 1960s</h3><br>
<p>By the late 1960s the aircraft business had already been transferred</p><br>
<p>to other GE plants located in Johnson City, NY and Erie, PA. By 1974,</p><br>
<p>the adjustable speed drives business had been transferred to GE&#39;s</p><br>
<p>plant in Erie, PA. The photoelectric business was absorbed by the</p><br>
<p>General Purpose Control Department in Bloomington, IL, and the power</p><br>
<p>systems components, consisting of static exciters and power</p><br>
<p>regulators, were transferred to the Industry Control Department in</p><br>
<p>Salem, VA. The residual products remaining in Specialty Control were</p><br>
<p>now reduced to the Terminet printers and the relay business. The name</p><br>
<p>Specialty Control now became Data Communications Products Department</p><br>
<p>and, at one time, Data Communications Products Business Department.</p><br>
<h3>Late 1970s</h3><br>
<p>In the late 1970s, a major development was undertaken to design a</p><br>
<p>non-impact printing technology to compete with laser printers.</p><br>
<p>General Electric&#39;s Research and Development group in Schenectady, NY,</p><br>
<p>prepared the initial concepts. A temporary satellite group of</p><br>
<p>engineers continued the product development in the former Wilson</p><br>
<p>building (formerly Wilson Trucking Co.) on W. Main Street across New</p><br>
<p>Hope Road from the Purple Foot restaurant in Waynesboro. The new</p><br>
<p>printer was to become Terminet 8000, printing 8000 lines per minute.</p><br>
<p>At that time printers were operating at 300 to 600 lines per minute</p><br>
<p>and were producing 6 to 9 copies (plies). In order for this new</p><br>
<p>single-ply technology to compete, a speed at least ten times 600</p><br>
<p>lines per minute was adopted. The technology incorporated in it was</p><br>
<p>so far ahead of its time that Product Planning and Marketing were</p><br>
<p>unable to build a market for it --- and it died aborning.</p><br>
<h3>Relays & High-Speed Impact Printers - The Creation of Genicom Corporation</h3><br>
<p>Of the many product lines that existed in Waynesboro, two confounded</p><br>
<p>the strategic planning of GE corporate management. For nearly 20</p><br>
<p>years it had predicted the perennial demise of the relay business.</p><br>
<p>Likewise, in the early 1980s, as the computer businesses had been</p><br>
<p>sold, it didn&#39;t see the long-term viability of high-speed impact</p><br>
<p>printers. At that time the darlings of the family became unwanted</p><br>
<p>children and their future was deemed uncertain, as they didn&#39;t fit</p><br>
<p>anywhere in the corporate business structure.</p><br>
<p>In 1981, GE made preparations to sell both the relay and the printer</p><br>
<p>businesses and the management-buyout was completed in October 1983. The announcement was made to the employees on October 21. GE</p><br>
<p>financed a small portion of the buyout price.</p><br>
<p>A new company was formed with the name Genicom Corporation. This new</p><br>
<p>venture included both relays and printers but the emphasis was to</p><br>
<p>exploit the market for the printer business under the direction of</p><br>
<p>Curtis Powell as CEO. Genicom ultimately sold the relay business to a</p><br>
<p>firm, CII Technology, a group of venture capitalists that were</p><br>
<p>combining all such manufacturers into one operation in North</p><br>
<p>Carolina. The sale was made in the early 1990s.</p><br>
<h3>The Growth & Evolution of Genicom Corporation</h3><br>
<p>Genicom was quite successful in its early operations, and its stock</p><br>
<p>went public in 1987-8. However, as the impact printer technology</p><br>
<p>began to be replaced by the laser print engine and the ink jet</p><br>
<p>technology, it became more and more difficult to compete as those</p><br>
<p>technologies were almost completely patented by others, and a license</p><br>
<p>was required to build them. Early on, Genicom realized that just</p><br>
<p>manufacturing and selling printers was not enough. It started a very</p><br>
<p>successful service business a.k.a. Enterprising Service Solutions</p><br>
<p>Company (ESSC) that eventually serviced all makes of printer and</p><br>
<p>printer-related products. A very large warehouse for this business</p><br>
<p>was built in Louisville, KY for this endeavor and much of the</p><br>
<p>Waynesboro service operation moved there. Also, there were many</p><br>
<p>country-specific corporations owned by Genicom across the globe. At</p><br>
<p>its zenith, Genicom had $400 million in sales.</p><br>
<h3>The Bankruptcy Genicom Corporation</h3><br>
<p>Several attempts were made to buy/merge with others already in the</p><br>
<p>field (such as Centronics, Texas Instruments, and Digital EquipmentCorporation&#39;s printer division), but these efforts were ultimately</p><br>
<p>unsuccessful. On March 10, 2000, Genicom declared bankruptcy. On July</p><br>
<p>17, 2001, a group of venture capitalists, Sun Capital Corporation,</p><br>
<p>bought (for $9.3 million) the printer division of the bankrupt</p><br>
<p>company, and its name became Genicom LLC. It was then resold in 2003</p><br>
<p>and became fragmented.</p><br>
<h3>Genicom LP</h3><br>
<p>A very narrow portion of the printer line continued to be built under</p><br>
<p>the name Genicom LP. Northrop-Grumman Information Technology took</p><br>
<p>over the parts and service of Genicom printers existing in the field</p><br>
<p>under the name Genicom, PLC, and it now operates as an on-line</p><br>
<p>Customer Service Center in a portion of the Waynesboro Outlet Village.</p><br>
<h3>Talley-Genicom merger</h3><br>
<p>A merger of Tally and the residual Genicom was announced on</p><br>
<p>August 3, 2003 under the name Tally-Genicom and this new company,</p><br>
<p>with manufacturing at its Mexican affiliate or by manufacturing</p><br>
<p>partners, is continuing the design and manufacturing support of</p><br>
<p>dot-matrix and shuttle-matrix printers in a portion of the plant</p><br>
<p>formerly occupied by General Electric. Corporate headquarters still</p><br>
<p>resides at Chantilly, VA.</p><br>
<h3>Solutions Way Management</h3><br>
<p>Solutions Way Management, LLC, a subsidiary of Allied Realty, Co., as part of the 2001 Genicom bankruptcy settlement, purchased the former GE property for $750,000 and now operates it as an incubator for fledgling new businesses, providing manufacturing space, and offering support services as required by the newcomers.</p><br>
<h2>Pollution</h2><br>
<p>General Electric and GENICOM manufactured circuit boards on site using a plating and etching processes that generated waste solvents. These solvents and other wastes contributed to groundwater contamination. General Electric assumed environmental responsibility for the contamination and operates a pump-and-treat system.</p><br>
<p>General Electric plant, Waynesboro VA.jpg</p><br>
<p>The Lake Leelanau Narrows Bridge is a bridge located on M-204 over Lake Leelanau Narrows in Leland Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Leelanau was a major impediment to east-west travel since this area was first settled in the mid-1800s. A wooden bridge was erected over the narrows in 1864; a replacement metal truss bridge was constructed in 1894–1895. In 1939, the Michigan State Highway Department decided to replace the aging truss bridge to help support the local tourist economy. They built this new bridge about 200 yards north. The bridge project was part of the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works, which provided jobs in the Great Depression through funding public infrastructure projects.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lake Leelanau Narrows Bridge is a three-span structure crossing the narrowest part of the 15 mi Lake Leelanau. Each span is 60 ft long and consists of nine rolled steel beams, sitting on concrete mid-stream piers and skewed end abutments. The base of each pier are formed into pointed cutwaters at each end. Four posts on each pier support the bridge, with the exterior post ending with a graceful Streamline Moderne curve. A similar curve is apparent on the concrete railing posts above. The deck of the bridge is 38 ft wide, with sidewalks on each side of the roadway.</p><br>
<p>The Leelanau Transit Company Suttons Bay Depot, also known as the Suttons Bay Railroad Depot, is a railroad station located at 101 South Cedar Street in Suttons Bay, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main track through Suttons Bay was laid down in 1903 by the Traverse City, Leelanau, and Manistique Railroad, to access a Northport-Manistique car ferry. A siding was built a few years later; however, the railway was immediately unsuccessful and the ferry was discontinued by 1908. In 1919, a successor company, the Leelanau Transit Company was organized to take over ownership of the tracks. They leased the line to the Manistee and North-Eastern Railroad and built this depot between the main line and siding in Suttons Bay as a passenger and freight station.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s, the tracks north of Suttons Bay were abandoned. The track section between Suttons Bay and Traverse City were used by the Leelanau Scenic Railroad between 1989 and 1995. In 1996, the track were torn up and a rail trail put in its place. The depot is used as a law office.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Suttons Bay Railroad Depot is a single-story Arts-and-Crafts-inspired structure with a hip roof, built of rounded cobblestones. The roof overhangs widely on all sides of the building, sheltering the walls and the trackside platform.</p><br>
<p>Psekhako Ridge  is a mountain range in the vicinity of the village of Krasnaya Polyana, in the Adlersky City District of Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. From the northwest and west it is bordered by the River Basin Laura, from the south-west by the Achipse river, which flows into Laura, and from the south by Mzimta River Basin, which flows to the Black Sea.</p><br>
<p>Rising gradually from the southwest to the northeast ridge adjacent to its upper part to the ridge Bzerpi, north of which is the massif Pseashkho. In the northern part of the ridge begins the territory of the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve.</p><br>
<p>Absolute marks ridge reach heights of 1400–1600 m ridge covered with deciduous and coniferous forests Caucasian. In the 1960s, carried out on the ridge timber.</p><br>
<h2>2014 Winter Olympics</h2><br>
<p>At the foot of the mountain ridge located Psekhako tourist center of Gazprom and a large part of the ridge together with the grounds on which it is leased to Gazprom to build ski resort facilities and facilities of the Sochi Winter Olympics in 2014. Shelter number 1 or its official name "House of receiving official delegations" will be part of the official events of the Winter Olympics.</p><br>
<p>Williamsburg Inn is a historic large resort hotel located at Williamsburg, Virginia. It was built in three phases between 1937 and 1972. The original section was designed by Perry Dean Rogers Architects and is dominated by a two-story portico which stands atop a ground floor arcade. It is a three-story, seven-bay, Colonial Revival style brick structure. It has two-story flanking wings in an "H"-shape. The East Wing addition, also by Perry Dean Rogers Architects, consists of multiple wings of guest rooms set at right angles to one another. A third phase embracing the Regency Dining Room and its adjoining courtyard, was completed in 1972. The Williamsburg Inn is one of the nations finest resort hotels, internationally acclaimed for its accommodations, service and cuisine. It represented John D. Rockefeller, Jr.s commitment to bring the message of Williamsburg to a larger audience of influential Americans.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Williamsburg Inn, has also hosted twice Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in 1957 and 2007 whilst visiting Jamestown, Virginia the original settlement of the British colonists on the 350th and 400th anniversaries when the British first landed in America. This was in conjunction, with their official state visits of the United States which furthermore did not begin officially until the Queen and the President met formally at the White House.</p><br>
<p>St. Nicholas Chapel, also known as the Santa Claus Church, is a historic Russian Orthodox church in Ekuk, Alaska, United States. The small, single story wood frame building was constructed in 1918 or 1919, replacing an earlier church. When originally built it was 16 feet wide and 21 feet long, but the chamber was subsequently lengthened, and is now 34 feet long. If it were not for its modest exterior religious symbols, it might be mistaken for a rural schoolhouse. The church and its graveyeard are located on a bluff which is subject to extensive erosion of the coast and, being just 185 feet from the shoreline, could be endangered in the next 50-100 years.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Harrisburg City Hall, located at 110 E. Locust St., is the city hall serving Harrisburg, Illinois. Built in 1926-27, the building is the citys second city hall. The architectural firm of Harry E. Boyle and Co. designed the building in the Classical Revival style. The city halls entrance is covered by a portico extending from the roof; the portico is supported by four large brick columns spanning the height of the building. A band of white concrete encircles the top of the building; this band is topped by a parapet along the roof line. The building continues to house Harrisburg&#39;s city government; it also includes several local history displays for visitors to the city.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 12, 1998.</p><br>
<p>Abrams Delight is a historic home located in Winchester, Virginia. Built in 1754, it is the oldest house in the city. It was owned by the Hollingsworth family for almost 200 years and is typical of the Shenandoah Valley architecture of the Scotch-Irish settlers. The property was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register  in 1972 and the National Register of Historic Places  in 1973. Abrams Delight currently serves as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1728, Abraham Hollingsworth (born 1686), grandson of Valentine Hollingsworth, a Quaker immigrant from Ireland, arrived in the Shenandoah Valley and settled in present-day Winchester. He received a land grant of 582 acre around 1732 from Alexander Ross and Morgan Bryan, though he had to later renegotiate the grant with Lord Fairfax, who owned all the land between the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers. Some historians believe Hollingsworth was also required to pay local Shawnee members a cow, a calf, and a piece of red cloth for the land. Hollingsworth, considered the founder of Winchester, described his land a "delight to behold." He built a log cabin next to a natural spring and just west of where the current house is located. Although the cabin no longer stands, the cabin&#39;s hand-dug well is still visible. Historians believe a wooden stockade once surrounded his home and that he began construction of the present house before his death in 1748. His widow, Ann Robinson (born around 1690), inherited the property but died the following year. Their second son, Isaac (1722&ndash;1759), a Quaker minister, inherited the property and made plans for a house that could also serve as a Quaker meeting place. Simon Taylor was chosen to build the home. He had recently completed construction of Springdale for Colonel John Hite, now the oldest house in Frederick County, and the two homes share similar stonework. Quakers held meetings in the Hollingsworth house with men sitting in the parlor and women in the dining room.</p><br>
<p>Isaacs son, Jonah Hollingsworth (1755&ndash;1801), later inherited the property. He and his wife, Hannah (1755&ndash;1836), had thirteen children and needed more living space. Around 1800, they added a west wing to the house and used stone closely resembling that of the original portion. In 1830, one of their sons, David (1789&ndash;1859), a wealthy businessman and community leader, took possession of the home. He made many improvements to the house and surrounding land, most notably the construction of a lake on the south side of the property. He built a summer house on one of the islands in the lake. Davids three children inherited the property in 1863, two years after the Civil War began. During the war, many properties in Winchester and the surrounding area suffered, including the Hollingsworth home. The three children, none of whom ever married, continued living in the house until the youngest, Annie (1844&ndash;1930), was the last one remaining. In the 1910s, Annie made arrangements with two cousins that they could take ownership of the house if they would care for her in her old age. She moved out of the home, taking only her clothing, and the building sat unoccupied for almost thirty years.</p><br>
<p>In 1943, the city of Winchester purchased the home and surrounding 35 acre. The city wanted to preserve the oldest house in Winchester and to take advantage of the water supply. The Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society worked for nine years on restoration of the house with Irvan OConnell overseeing the overall project and Mary Boxley overseeing the interior work. In 1961, the house was opened as a museum. A log cabin, built in 1780 and similar to the one built by Abraham, was moved to the property in 1967. Abrams Delight was added to the VLR on November 9, 1972, and the NRHP on April 11, 1973. During the Christmas season, Abram&#39;s Delight is available for tours during the annual Candlelight Tour and Open House. In addition to the house and log cabin, there is a small perennial garden and old gristmill that now serves as a gift shop and exhibit space.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Abrams Delight is considered an "excellent example of a substantial eighteenth century Valley farmhouse" and the central hall two-over-two plan is a classic example of the early settlers architecture. The exterior of the house is made of random rubble limestone and rests on a stone foundation. Slate covers the pitched roof. The original portion is three bays wide and measures 39 ft. The wing added in 1800 is also three bays wide and measures 20 ft long. Both sections of the home are two-stories, though the wing is not as tall in deference to the original portion. There are three interior-end chimneys, one on the end of the wing and one on each end of the original portion. There are five doorways, two on the north side, two on the south side, and one on the east side.</p><br>
<p>Handley Library is a historic library building located at 100 West Piccadilly Street in Winchester, Virginia, United States. Completed in 1913, construction of the Beaux-Arts style building was funded by a wealthy Pennsylvania businessman. The building serves as the main branch for Winchester&#39;s library system. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  and Virginia Landmarks Register  in 1969.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Judge John Handley (1835&ndash;1895), an Irish-American coal magnate and lawyer from Scranton, Pennsylvania, visited Winchester several times and admired the city for its Scotch-Irish heritage. In his will, he left $250,000 for the city to erect a library "for the free use of the people of the city of Winchester" and schools for the poor. Construction of the library, designed by New York architects Barney and Chapman, was not begun until 1908. The cornerstone ceremony on May 26 was preceded by a large parade. The buildings fireproof construction and facilities were considered advanced at the time of completion. The total cost of construction and furnishings was $233,230. The library opened on August 21, 1913, and originally featured a 300-seat lecture hall, study rooms and conference areas. C. Vernon Eddy was Handleys first librarian, serving in that position until 1960. Originally only white patrons were allowed to visit the library; in December 1953 city officials began allowing all residents to use the facility, regardless of race.</p><br>
<p>The library was listed on the VLR on September 9, 1969, and the NRHP on November 12, 1969. It is also designated a contributing property to the Winchester Historic District, listed on the NRHP in 1980. Architectural firm Smithey and Boynton of Roanoke designed an addition that was completed in 1979. Their work resulted in a first honor award from the American Institute of Architects. Dennis Kowal Architects of Somerville, New Jersey prepared a full historic preservation plan in 1997 and oversaw the comprehensive restoration and rehabilitation in 1999. In 2001, Dennis Kowal was awarded the Lucille Lozier Award by Preservation of Historic Winchester, Inc. for the "outstanding restoration" of the Handley Regional Library.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Handley Library is "perhaps Virginia&#39;s purest expression of the regal and florid Beaux-Arts classicism." It was designed to resemble an open book, with the dome representing the spine and the wings representing the covers. The limestone building consists of an octagonal base and a central dome. A three-arched entrance faces the intersection of Braddock and Piccadilly Streets. Two wings flank the dome and feature single-pitched roofs with dormer lights, balustrades and Ionic colonnades. Heavy stone reliefs of figures and fruit flank several windows and doors.</p><br>
<p>Douglas School, also known as the Douglas Community Learning Center, is a historic school for African-American students located at Winchester, Virginia. It is a central auditorium plan school built in 1927, with funds from the John Handley Endowment. It is a one-story, dark red brick building with a four columned, Classical Revival style entry. Additions to</p><br>
<p>the building were made in 1940, 1951, and 1962. The school served as the only African-American school in the city until 1966, when it was closed after integration of the Winchester schools.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1927 as a "separate but equal" school for African American students but converted to a community center in 1966 after desegregation; may have been named for Frederick Douglass, despite the spelling difference.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Mount Hebron Cemetery and Gatehouse is a historic cemetery and gatehouse located at Winchester, Virginia. The cemetery was established in 1844 on two older churchyards, including that of Christ Episcopal Church in 1853. Many Civil War soldiers who died in Winchester&#39;s hospitals were interred in this cemetery, but after the war, the Union Burial Corps reinterred many Union dead into the Winchester National Cemetery established nearby, or to their home towns. The 1866 expansion included Stonewall Cemetery for 2,576 Confederate war dead. Iron fence added in 1891 and the Chateauesque style limestone gatehouse for superintendent added in 1902.</p><br>
<p>Founding Father Daniel Roberdeau (1727–1795) is buried there. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Daniel Morgan House, also known as the George Flowerdew Norton House, Boyd House, and Sherrard House, is a historic home located at Winchester, Virginia. It is a 2 1/2-story, seven bay, 17 room, Late Georgian style brick dwelling. It has a side-gable roof and paired double interior chimneys. The oldest section was built about 1786 for George Flowerdew Norton, and the western stuccoed brick wing was built for Daniel Morgan  about 1800. A brick kitchen, built about 1820 is attached to the north side of the dwelling and two-story addition, constructed about 1885, is attached to the northwest corner of the house. A one-room addition was added to the eastern side about 1890, and a second-story room was built above the back porch about 1915. Also on the property is a contributing coursed stone retaining wall .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. It is located in the Winchester Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Gen.Daniel Morgan died in this house on July 6, 1802. The house then was the home of his daughter.</p><br>
<p>Rrorød Forest , between Trørød and Vedbæk, is a small forest in Rudersdal Municipality, approximately 20 kilometres north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It adjoins the bog Maglemosen on the north as well as Enrum Forest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Once an inlet, Vedbæk Fjord, Maglemosen is known for the so-called Maglemosian culture. Trørød Forest contains 39 burial mounds from the late part of the Bronze Age (c. 1000&ndash;5000 B. C.).</p><br>
<p>The forest was owned by the crown but almost disappeared in the 18th century due to deforestation. The current forest is the result of a reforestation programme which began in about 1800.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Access is from Trørødvej, Gøngehusvej, Grisestien, Caroline Mathildevej, Lindevangsvej and Gøngetoften. Two parking lots are available on Trørødvej.</p><br>
<p>The Winchester Historic District is a national historic district located at Winchester, Virginia. The district encompasses 1,116 contributing buildings in Winchester. The buildings represent a variety of popular architectural styles including Late Victorian and Italianate. They include residential, commercial, governmental, industrial, and institutional buildings dating from the 18th to mid-20th centuries. Notable buildings include the A.M.E Church , Masonic Lodge and Gray and Eddy Building, First Presbyterian Church , Farmers and Merchants Bank , Frederick County Courthouse , Grace Lutheran Church , Friendship Fire Hall , John Kerr School , City Hall , Lewis Jones Knitting Mill , Tidball Residence , William F. Hottle Residence , McGuire Residence , and Robert Long House . Located in the district are the separately listed Thomas J. Jackson Headquarters, Fair Mount, Handley Library, Adam Kurtz House, and Daniel Morgan House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, with boundary increases in 2003, 2008, and 2016.</p><br>
<p>Barton Lodge, also known as Malvern Hall and French House, is a historic home located near Hot Springs, Bath County, Virginia. It was built in 1898-1900, and is a 2 1/2-story, five bay, double pile, Classical Revival style frame dwelling. It features a hipped roof with two hipped-roofed dormers on the north and south elevations and a temple</p><br>
<p>front featuring a pedimented portico supported by Corinthian order columns. It has a one-story, flat-roofed, four-bay west wing. The house is situated on French’s Hill overlooking The Homestead. Lettie Pate Whitehead Evans (1872-1953) purchased Barton Lodge in October 1927, and renamed it Malvern Hall. Subsequent to her death in 1953, her Foundation made a gift of the Malvern Hall property in 1961 to St. Luke’s Episcopal Church in Hot Springs.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Three Hills is a historic home located near Warm Springs, Bath County, Virginia. It was built in 1913, and is a 2 1/2-story, frame and stucco Italian Renaissance style dwelling. It consists of a central block with flanking two-story wings and rear additions. The house has a Colonial Revival style interior. The front facade features a single-story, flat-roofed portico. Also on the property are the contributing small formal boxwood garden, three frame and stucco, one-story cottages, and a stone and brick freestanding chimney. Three Hills was built by American novelist and women&#39;s rights advocate Mary Johnston , who lived and operated an inn there until her death. J. Ambler Johnston, a young architect, distant relative of the writer and one of the founding partners of the Carneal and Johnston architectural firm , designed the house.</p><br>
<p>Another home of Johnston&#39;s listed on the National Register of Historic Places is Linden Row in Richmond.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Eldorado City Hall, located at 1604 Locust St., is the former city hall of Eldorado, Illinois. Built in 1924, the building was Eldorados first city hall; prior to its construction, the city government had been operated from the mayors businesses. The architectural firm of Harry E. Boyle and Co. designed the building in the Classical Revival style. The brick building features a second-story entrance, brick quoins at each corner, a large dormer with a semicircular window on the front facade, and soffit ends supported by wooden brackets below the dormer. In addition to serving as the city hall, the building housed Eldorado&#39;s fire department, jail, and public library. The city continued to use the building until 1994, when a new building was constructed; the old city hall is now a local history museum.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Carrier Mills Archaeological District is a group of prehistoric archaeological sites located along the Saline River south of Carrier Mills, Illinois. The sites were inhabited over the period from 2500 B.C. to 700 A.D. The oldest three sites date from the Late Archaic period, which encompassed the first 1500 years of occupation at the district; these sites include two small campsites and a larger base camp. Several sites were inhabited during the Early Woodland period, which lasted until 500 B.C. these sites are distinguished by fragments of pottery, which was developed during this period. The Early Woodland period sites are likely to have been a part of the Crab Orchard culture, a local subtype of the Hopewell tradition. A number of sites date from the Middle Woodland Period, which spanned from 300 B.C. to 500 A.D. these sites appear to have adopted the technology, but not the traditions, of the Hopewell culture. A single projectile point from the Late Woodland period has also been recovered from the site.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Ed M. Stotlar House is a historic house located at 1304 W. Main St. in Marion, Illinois. The house was built in 1914-15 for Southern Illinois lumber salesman Ed M. Stotlar and his family. Stotlar was also the longtime president of the Marion Library Board and a prominent art and book collector. Architect George William Ashby designed the home in a blend of the American Craftsman and Prairie School styles. The house features connected double-hung windows and a gable roof with overhanging eaves and exposed rafter tails, characteristic features of the Craftsman style. Its Prairie School influences include its art glass windows and horizontal ribbons of brick near the top of the first floor.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 2002.</p><br>
<p>Switchback School, also known as Union Hurst School, is a historic Rosenwald school located near Hot Springs, Bath County, Virginia. It was built in 1924-1925, and is a one-story, frame, graded two-teacher type of public school. It is sheathed in weatherboard and has a side-gable roof. A major addition at the south end was built in 1933 and a second addition was built about 1960. Also on the property are a contributing privy ; a cistern constructed as part of a Civilian Conservation Corps site improvement project ; and three stone walls built by the workers from the Works Progress Administration . It is one of approximately 70 Rosenwald schools that survive of the 364 that were built across Virginia for the education of African-American students.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Couronne de Bréona  is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located east of Les Haudères in the canton of Valais. It lies north of the Tsa de l&#39;Ano, on the range between the valleys of Hérens and Moiry.</p><br>
<p>Bréona is the name of an extensive alpine pasture to the south-west of the peak, spanning elevations between some 2,200 up to 2,800 m, making it one of the highest pastures in the Alps altogether.</p><br>
<p>Ascending from La Forclaz, Mayens de Bréona is reached at 2,087 m, and the main buildings of Bréona alpage at 2,200 m. At 2,320 m, the path turns right to avoid a gravel field called Liapey d&#39;Enfer, and at 2,435 m reaches Remointse de Bréona, the temporary and more elevated shelters of the alpage. The Bréona pasture stretches from here to 2,600 m and above, with a well structure indicated at 2,623 m. From here, the path ascends to Col de Bréona at 2916, separating the Serra Neire to the southwest from the Couronne de Bréona to the southeast, and via Col du Tsaté (2,868) traversing to Pinte du Bandon (3,064 m) to the northwest. Beyond the main peak of Couronne de Bréona is a secondary summit, called Clocher de la Couronne at 3,101 m, separated by the Col de la Couronne (2,987 m) from Pointe de Moiry (3,303) to the south.</p><br>
<p>The Julius W. Hegeler I House is a historic building in LaSalle, Illinois, United States. Completed in 1904, the house was designed by Pond & Pond and is an excellent local example of Arts & Crafts architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Julius W. Hegeler I was the eldest son of Edward C. Hegeler, who established a prosperous zinc mining operation in LaSalle, Illinois. Born in 1867, Julius Hegeler studied mining engineering and joined the family business in his adulthood. He married Josephine Hulda Caesar in 1897 and had four children. In 1903, Hegeler received a 1+3/4 acre plot of land from his father, across the street from the Hegeler Carus Mansion.</p><br>
<p>Hegeler commissioned Pond & Pond, a leading firm in the Arts & Crafts style to design the house. It was designed in 1902 and completed in 1904, although the Hegelers only lived there for a year. In late 1905, they moved to Danville so that Hegeler could establish his own zinc smelting company with his brother Herman. Pond & Pond also designed a house for Herman, but it was demolished around 1950.</p><br>
<p>The Hegeler house remained in the hands of the family until 1970. Edward T. Barnes owned the house for a decade starting in 1922 and Herman D. Carus lived there from 1945 to 1969. In 1970, the house became a meeting place for the Illinois Valley Community Arts Center. At times, the LaSalle County Youth Bureau and a local YMCA chapter also used the building. In 1984, Fred and Cynthia Carus took ownership of the house and it remained unused for twenty years. The Hegeler Carus Foundation, a non-profit organization that oversees the mansion across the street, purchased the house and restored its roof. The house was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places on February 18, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The LaSalle City Building is the historic civic hall building in LaSalle, Illinois, United States. Completed in 1907, the hall exemplifies early 20th-century trends in city management.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The idea of a new city building for LaSalle, Illinois came from Walter A. Panneck, who served as mayor from 1903 to 1909. However, the city treasury did not have the funds to match Panneck&#39;s vision. To raise enough money for the structure, 450 bonds of $100 were issued, 422 of which were sold. The building was designed by Victor Andre Matteson, a relatively obscure architect who previously worked under Frost & Granger. All city departments were consolidated into this one building, a popular trend during the Progressivism movement. The building was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places on August 29, 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The symmetrical two and a half story building is largely rectangular. It was built with red brick with Bedford limestone trim. Balustrades and modillions are detailed with galvanized iron and tin. The main entrance is a double door on the south, facing Second Street, while a second public entrance faces Joliet Street on the east. There is also a private entrance, used by the police department, facing an alley to the north. Fanlight windows are found over each entrance, though the exterior of each has been covered with a panel.</p><br>
<p>The first floor has a central hall plan and is home to the police department. A jail was originally part of the police wing, but has since been converted to office use. Although the police wing has been extensively modified from its original design, the public hall closely resembles the original plan. The city engineer&#39;s office is on the second floor and council chambers are on the third. A basement, originally small and intended only for a furnace, has been greatly expanded.</p><br>
<p>Steward Island  is an uninhabited island in King Christian IX Land, at the eastern end of Greenland. Administratively it is part of the Sermersooq municipality.</p><br>
<p>The island is mountainous and clearly visible from a distance. According to mariners&#39; reports the island is a good landmark for vessels approaching Greenland from the east.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Steward is a coastal island of the Blosseville Coast located in a bay off the Savoia Peninsula. It lies 39 km to the SW of Cape Brewster and 7.5 km to the northeast of the small Manby Peninsula. To the west there is a 7 km wide glacier discharging in the bay and the island&#39;s western end is attached to the terminus of the glacier, so that it almost forms a peninsula with the mainland.</p><br>
<p>The island is 11.5 km long with a maximum width of 2.4 km.</p><br>
<p>The small Dunholm islets (Dunholm Øer) lie 4 km to the east and the 1,683.7 m high Pyramiden, an ultra-prominent peak rises above the glacier off the northern end of the island at 70&deg;1&prime;6&Prime;N latitude, 22&deg;58&prime;26&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>Garth Newel, now known as Garth Newel Music Center, is a historic home located near Hot Springs, Bath County, Virginia. The main house was built in 1923-1924, and consists of a three-story central block flanked by 2 1/2-story wings. Each section is topped by a gambrel roof and entirely clad in rough-sawn vertical board and batten. Also on the property are a number of contributing cottages and outbuildings, including Entrance Piers , Woodzell Cottage , Kendall House , Giles Cottage , Arabian Horse Barn , Indoor Riding Arena/Herter Hall , Fire Pit , and Stone Retaining Wall/Steps .</p><br>
<p>Garth Newel was built by artist William Sergeant Kendall (1869-1938) and his second wife Christine Herter Kendall (1890-1981). Together they built the estate beginning in 1923, shortly after their permanent move to Virginia. For the remainder of their lives, Garth Newel was their focus, providing them a rural yet sophisticated estate at which they painted, raised award-winning Arabian horses, and participated in the elite society of Bath County. They were also known for hosting small</p><br>
<p>concerts in the main residence at Garth Newel.</p><br>
<p>The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Williamson County Jail, located at 105 S. Van Buren St. in Marion, is the former county jail serving Williamson County, Illinois. The Prairie School building served as the county jail from 1913 to 1971. The jail housed prisoners involved with three violent conflicts in the 1920s: the Herrin massacre, the Klan War, and a gang rivalry between the Shelton Brothers Gang and Charles Birger&#39;s gang. The building is now a history museum and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The jail was built in 1913 to replace the county&#39;s previous jail, which suffered from flooding, overcrowding, and poor living conditions. It soon played a central role in a number of conflicts which engulfed Williamson County in the 1920s, giving the county the nickname "Bloody Williamson". In 1922, the jail housed the men arrested for their role in the Herrin massacre, a deadly riot between union and non-union coal miners. Of the 125 men originally indicted after the massacre, only five were tried before their release; a pro-union jury found these five men not guilty of murder. The riot and trial brought national attention to the county, leading President Warren Harding to refer to the massacre as "shocking", "shameful", and "butchery". A grand jury later indicted 214 defendants, eight of whom were held without bail at the jail; these men were provided with meals and entertainment by union supporters during their time at the jail.</p><br>
<p>Later in the 1920s, the jail became part of another conflict when the Ku Klux Klan assumed control of the Marion Law Enforcement League and hired S. Glenn Young to conduct violent raids on bootleggers. Young&#39;s actions were divisive and sparked violence among Williamson County residents in a conflict which became known as the Klan War. The conflict escalated until state troopers were called to the jail to stabilize the county and protect the prisoners from lynch mobs. The war ended when Young and Deputy Sheriff Ora Thomas killed each other in a shootout.</p><br>
<p>The jail played a role in yet another conflict in the 1920s when a gang war arose between the Shelton Brothers Gang and Charles Birgers gang. The gangs, led by rival bootleggers, became notorious for exchanging murders. The majority of the members of both gangs spent time in the Williamson County Jail; fourteen members of the Shelton Brothers received life sentences for murder, and Rado Millich of Birgers gang became the last man to be hanged in Williamson County in 1927. Birger only spent a single night in the jail; after being arrested for murder, he was released after claiming he acted in self-defense, a claim which kept him out of the jail on two other occasions as well.</p><br>
<p>The jail closed in 1971, and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 30, 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Williamson County Museum</h2><br>
<p>The building is now owned by the Williamson County Illinois Historical Society and operated as the Williamson County Museum. Several rooms have been restored to a Victorian-era period, and other rooms feature historic small businesses, military and clothing displays, a schoolroom and the original jail cells. There is also a genealogical and historical research library.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architectural firm of N. S. Spencer and Temple designed the building in the Prairie School style. The three-story building was built with brick and stone. The buildings design features an emphasis on horizontal lines, a low roof with an overhanging cornice, and an art glass transom and sidelights around the front entrance, all characteristic Prairie School elements. The jail was capable of housing 87 inmates, including 81 men and 6 women. The building also included the county sheriffs residence, which was separated from the jail by 13 in of concrete and two steel doors. A verandah over the jails front porch was accessible from the sheriffs residence; the verandah was also used by armed guards during the Klan War.</p><br>
<p>Dowa Yalanne  is a steep mesa 5 km southeast of the present Pueblo of Zuni, on the Zuni Indian Reservation. Plainly visible from the Zuni Pueblo, the mesa is located in McKinley County, New Mexico, and has an elevation of 7,274 ft. The mesa is a sacred place for the Zuni people, who fled to the mesa top to escape the Coronado expedition in 1540, and it is closed to outside visitors.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dowa Yalanne was settled before European contact.</p><br>
<p>In 1540, Zuni people from the village of Hawikuu fled to the Dowa Yalanne mesa top to escape the attackers of the Coronado expedition. The 14 structures used as a refuge from the Spaniards between 1540 and 1680 were called Heshoda Ayahltona ("ancient buildings above").</p><br>
<p>Before the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, the Zuni lived in six different villages. After the revolt, until 1692, they took refuge in a defensible position atop Dowa Yalanne. About 48 Pueblo structures were built between 1680 and 1692 on the top of the mesa, which covers approximately 320 acres. The population of Dowa Yalanne in 1680 is estimated to have been approximately 2500 people, living in buildings of one and two stories, with over 500 rooms.</p><br>
<p>On November 11, 1692, Don Diego de Vargas climbed to the top of Dowa Yalanne and baptized over 290 people.</p><br>
<p>After the establishment of peace and the return of the Spanish, the Zuni relocated to their present location, only briefly returning to the mesa top in 1703.</p><br>
<p>According to T.J. Ferguson,</p><br>
<p>The village on Dowa Yalanne was pivotal in the development of historic settlement patterns. It is the first village in which the whole Zuni population gathered into a single settlement. Although it is unlikely that the contact period villages were totally abandoned, apparently every Zuni family maintained a residence on top of Dowa Yalanne that could be used for refuge when the Spaniards returned. The mesa top was also a position defensible against the hostile attacks of the Apaches. From</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>Dowa Yalanne is sacred to the Zuni people. The mesa is a place for shrines and religious activities, and is closed to outside visitors. The rising sun reaches a spot on the southwest of the mesa at winter solstice. Dowa Yalanne is "mythologically associated with the House of the Gods and the making of rain, lightning, and thunder, and from this came its alternate name, Thunder Mountain. "</p><br>
<p>Other alternate names for the mesa have included Towa Yällänne, Tay-a-ol-o-ne, Taaiyalone Mountain, Tâaiyá&#39;hltona Hlúelawa, and "Peñol de Caquima," a Spanish pronunciation of the old village of Kyaki:ma, located at the base of the mesa. A traditional tale, "The Great Dancing Tarantula", takes place at the foot of Dowa Yalanne.</p><br>
<p>Dowa Yalanne Elementary school is located near the mesa. A program for Zuni youth, DY-MESA (“Developing Youth: Mentoring Empowerment Self-expression Achievement”) is named after the mesa, as "a source of the strength for the Zuni Pueblo."</p><br>
<p>The aviary of the Zuni Eagle Sanctuary, which cares for injured golden and bald eagles, "was designed so the eagles could view the mesa from their cages."</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The red rock of the mesa is Entrada Sandstone, with white bands. The top layer of rock is Dakota Sandstone. The mesa&#39;s white Zuni Sandstone is the source of flat baking stones for "hewe", a paper-thin cornbread prepared for special occasions. Springs around the mesa are a traditional source of water.</p><br>
<p>John Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church and Cemetery, also known as John Wesley United Methodist Church and Wesley Chapel, is a historic Methodist Episcopal church and cemetery located at West Warm Springs, Bath County, Virginia. It was built by former slaves in 1873, and is a one-story, front-gabled, log church, clad in weatherboard with a stone foundation. A frame vestibule with bell tower was added to the front of the church and a choir loft rear extension was added in 1923. In 1982 a one-story, frame Sunday School addition, clad in vinyl siding was built by volunteers and added to the southeast elevation. The church represents the lone built representation of the first decades of the African-American settlement at West Warm Springs.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Lemon Bay is a long, narrow and shallow body of water covering 8,000 acres in Charlotte County, Florida and Sarasota County, Florida. It is protected as the Lemon Bay Aquatic Preserve, designated in 1986. It is one of five Charlotte Harbor Aquatic Preserves. The bay is fed by two Gulf passes and seven tributaries and includes areas of mangrove, marsh grass, and seagrass. It provides habitat for bird, ivertebrate and fish species and offers fishing, kayaking, birding, wading and beachcombing opportunities.</p><br>
<p>The Lemon Bay Park and Environmental Center is a 210-acre natural county park in Englewood, Florida in Sarasota County, Florida. It includes black mangrove forest, mangrove fringe along the shoreline, and pine and scrubby flatwoods. Educational classes, guided nature and bird walks are offered at the site. The park has 1.7 miles of shoreline on the Lemon Bay Aquatic Preserve. The park includes a butterfly garden, canoe/ kayak launch, and interpretive nature trail. The park is located at 570 Bay Park Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>Historic Oak View, also known as the Williams-Wyatt-Poole Farm, is a 19th-century historic farmstead and national historic district located east of downtown Raleigh, North Carolina, United States. Oak View features an early 19th-century kitchen, 1855 farmhouse, livestock barn, cotton gin barn, and tenant house dating to the early 20th century. The Farm History Center located on site provides information to visitors regarding the history of the Oak View and the general history of farming in North Carolina. Aside from the historic buildings, the site also features an orchard, a honey bee hive, a small cotton field, and the largest pecan grove in Wake County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Historic Oak View traces its history to a land purchase by Benton Southworth Donaldson Williams in eastern Wake County in 1829. This land was purchased from Arthur Pool for $135 and included 85 acres with several outbuildings none of which remain today. Williams continued to acquire land and holdings over the next 30 years; eventually including the land that houses Oak View&#39;s oldest building, the kitchen. In 1855, Williams completed construction of a two-story Greek Revival I house which would become the centerpiece of Oak View farm for the next century.</p><br>
<p>At its pre-Civil War height in 1860, the Williams family owned 10 slaves and produced 27 bales of Cotton per year. Cotton was considered "King" of the South leading up to the Civil War, and even afterwards many farmers including the Williams greatly increased their cotton production. By the 1880s, 93 percent of Wake County farms, including Oak View, produced cotton with the Williams family growing 82 bales of cotton a year. Following the Civil War, Williams was selected to be one of the four delegates representing Wake County at the 1868 North Carolina Constitutional Convention. His long-held Unionist views made him few friends in Raleigh during the Civil War, but his close association with Governor Holden ensured his place in deciding North Carolinas future through the Reconstruction. Of the four Wake County delegates homes, only Oak View has survived.</p><br>
<p>Following Williams death in 1870, he willed that his land be divided among his children and wife, Burchett. This land remained in Burchetts hands until she died in 1886. The land, house, and outbuildings were sold at auction to Job P. Wyatt whose family operated the farm for nearly sixty years. Many of the current outbuildings at Oak View were built during the Wyatt ownership including the cotton gin house, livestock barn, and the carriage house.</p><br>
<p>While the Wyatt family owned Oak View, they generally hired a manager to oversee the day-to-day operations. Unlike much of the South which utilized Sharecroppers to farm their land, the Wyatts property manager lived in the main house and oversaw the tenant farmers who grew both the Wyatts crops and their own for a wage. While the tenant families sometimes stayed for as little as a year, Oak View continued to have tenant farmers living in small houses on the property until the 1980s. Despite the farm&#39;s success under the Williams family, the Wyatt family rarely made a profit off the farm, "At the close of each year, (they) would pore over the books to determine whether they could continue operation." Instead, the Wyatt family began using Oak View as a testing ground for their seed company that was based in Raleigh, North Carolina. This caused them to transition away from predominately growing cotton to growing vegetables and pecans. The pecan orchard that the Wyatt family planted continues to produce a crop every year and is the largest remaining grove in Wake County.</p><br>
<p>Eventually, the Wyatt family traded the struggling Oak View to the Gregory-Poole family for a downtown office to help the Wyatt-Quarles Seed Company. Soon after the trade, James Gregory Poole moved into the farmhouse with his family. Even though the Pooles only lived at Oak View for three years, they greatly remodeled and updated the property. Their improvements included building an addition to the house, putting running water in the buildings, and electrifying the property for the first time. Following their many additions, the Poole family sold the property to James and Mary Bryan in 1944. The Poole additions were the last major changes to the historic buildings and the property passed in and out of several families&#39; hands before being purchased by Wake County in 1984. Originally intending to destroy the buildings to build an office park, several local prominent families and descendants banded together to save the property. In 1991, Historic Oak View was added to the National Register of Historic Places and Oak View was soon turned into a Wake County park.</p><br>
<h2>Current Use</h2><br>
<p>The Wake County Parks, Recreation and Open Space Division was given management of Oak View in 1995, creating the first historic site in the Wake County park system. With the completion of a Farm History Center in 1997, Oak View began to focus on teaching about North Carolinas agricultural history from colonial times to the present. Recently, a historic tenant house has been moved on site at Oak View Historic Park to begin interpretation into the lives of those who lived and worked on the Oak View land. Today, more than 100,000 visitors come to Oak View each year to learn about North Carolinas agricultural past through programs, events and exhibits.</p><br>
<p>The Greenback Depot is a former railroad station located in Greenback, Tennessee, United States. Built in 1914 by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad , the depot served rail freight and passengers traveling in and out of the Greenback area until 1954. Restored for use as a community events center by Ronald Edmondson in the early 2010s, the depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013 in recognition of its role in the area&#39;s transportation history.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The depot is a one-story frame structure measuring 30 ft by 82 ft, and clad in weatherboard and bead board. It was a "combination depot," meaning it housed both passengers and freight (stations for larger cities often had separate depots for passengers and freight). The southern half of the building&#39;s roof is hipped, and includes south-facing and west-facing dormers. Most of the windows are four-over-four double-hung sash windows with wooden frames, the exception being a clerestory window on the north wall. The depot retains its original wooden doors. Rolling track doors are located on the east side of the building.</p><br>
<p>The depots interior is mostly open space, the exception being an enclosed room in the buildings southeast corner (once the "colored" waiting room). The northern half of the building, which was originally the freight area, is situated at a slightly higher elevation, accessible from the main area via steps. This higher elevation was necessary to bring the freight area to the same elevation as rail cars.</p><br>
<p>The passenger area, in the southern half of the building, was originally divided into three sections: the colored waiting room in the southeast corner (still enclosed), the general waiting room in the southwest corner, and the ticket agent&#39;s office adjacent to the waiting rooms. A baggage area lay between the ticket office and the freight area. The interior has exposed rafters and pendant lights. The original slate roof was replaced with a metal roof in the 1980s, which was in turn replaced in 2012. The roof has been painted gray to match the color of the original roof.</p><br>
<p>The railroad tracks passed along the western side of the depot. The tracks are no longer present, but the grade is still easily discernible as a gravel path all the way to the Meadow community several miles to the north. The tracks continued across Morganton Road before bending southeastward toward the Jena community (where the main tracks crossed what is now Highway 95). The L&N operated a small freight yard opposite the depot between Morganton Road and Chilhowee Road, west of the Greenback Drug Store. The rail grade immediately west of the depot is included in the National Register nomination.</p><br>
<p>A small addition to the northern end of the building, constructed in 2012, contains restrooms and a changing room. A breezeway separates this addition from the rest of the building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Knoxville Southern Railroad (not to be confused with the larger Southern Railway) began building a rail line connecting Knoxville, Tennessee, with Blue Ridge, Georgia, in the late 1880s. This line reached what is now Greenback in 1890. At the rail line&#39;s intersection with Morganton Road, developers made plans to build a town known as "Allegheny," presumably named after the Allegheny Springs resort further to the south. Lorenzo Thompson, who had established the Greenback Post Office several miles to the east in the early 1880s, moved his post office to the new town, and the town gradually adopted the name "Greenback."</p><br>
<p>In 1890, the Knoxville Southern merged with the Marietta and North Georgia Railroad. This railway was, in turn, absorbed by the Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern Railway in 1895. The Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern was purchased by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N) in 1902. For most of the latter half of the 19th century, the L&N had avoided East Tennessee due to competition from the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad (ETV&G), and in 1894 had made an agreement with the ETV&Gs successor, the Southern Railway, not to encroach upon one anothers territory. After the Southern violated this agreement, the L&N began building a rail line connecting Cincinnati and Atlanta.</p><br>
<p>The L&N&#39;s new Cincinnati-Atlanta line continued southward from Knoxville through Maryville, Vonore, and Madisonville before reaching Etowah (the tracks along this line are still used by CSX). At Mentor (just north of modern Alcoa), a side route branched off from the main line, and looped around through Louisville, Friendsville, and Greenback, before rejoining the main line at Jena (a community once located where the tracks cross modern Highway 95). In the early 1900s, the L&N constructed a number of elaborate depots along this line, including the Richard Monfort-designed L&N Station in Knoxville and the Etowah Depot in Etowah. Construction of the Greenback Depot began in 1913, and was completed the following year.</p><br>
<p>William H. Jones, a Loudon County court clerk and local businessman, served as Greenbacks station agent from 1910 until his death in 1954, including the entire period that the depot building was in use for its original purpose. Along with selling train tickets, Jones issued hunting, fishing and marriage licenses from his depot office. As a county official, he officiated at more than 3,500 marriage ceremonies, many of them in the depot. By the early 1950s, the L&N had ceased passenger service at Greenback, and operated only two freight lines to the city. After Joness death in 1954, the L&N closed the depot.</p><br>
<p>The Greenback Co-Op, a local farmers cooperative, began leasing the depot from the L&N in 1956 for fertilizer storage. To increase storage space, most of the interior walls were removed, the exception being the former colored waiting room, which was used as an office. After the L&N merged with the Seaboard Coast Line in 1982, the new company sold the depot. Two local residents, Bobby and Linda Tarwater, operated an antique store in the depot from 1983 to 1984. After Bobby Tarwaters death, the depot was sold to Supra Sports, a local boat manufacturer, which used it for offices. Supra sold the depot to George Fowler in 1989, and Fowler sold it to Larry and Mary Alley in 1999.</p><br>
<p>After searching for several years for a preservation-minded buyer, the Alleys sold the depot to Ron Edmondson in March 2012. Edmondson removed a false second story (which had been added by Supra for office space), replaced the roof, and painted the building in a manner that resembles its early 20th-century appearance. A wooden statue of the Cherokee leader Firekiller, carved by Townsend-based chainsaw artist Dave LaVoie, has been placed on the depot lot.</p><br>
<p>Marion Veterans Affairs Medical Center, also known as Marion Veterans Administration Hospital, is a Veterans Affairs hospital in Marion, Illinois. The hospital is responsible for providing healthcare to USA military veterans in Southern Illinois and neighboring states. The hospital was built in 1939-41 following a local campaign for a veterans hospital in Southern Illinois. It was part of the second generation of VA hospitals in the USA, which were built from 1920 to 1950. The Marion VA Hospital is the only VA hospital built during this period which was designed in the Egyptian Revival style, which was chosen to recognize the regions nickname of "Little Egypt&quot elements of the style used in the building include its pyramidal roof, projecting pavilion, and smooth outer walls with multicolored ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>The hospital was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 2013, as the Marion Veterans Administration Hospital Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Albertville Depot, also known as L&N Railroad Depot, is a historic train depot in Albertville, Alabama. It was built by the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway in 1892, one year after the town was incorporated. The building measures 112 by 40 feet , and is divided into three rooms: two offices and one larger warehouse space.</p><br>
<p>The depot is one of the only structures in Albertville to survive the tornado of 1908. Passenger service ended in the 1940s, although the depot remained in use for freight. Although the NC&StL was purchased by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad in 1880, the two companies operated separately until 1957. The depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 20, 1975. The building was renovated for use as a senior center in the mid-1990s. A former L&N caboose next to the depot houses the Albertville Museum.</p><br>
<p>The William W. Gray House is a historic house located at 119 N. Court St. in Grayville, Illinois. The house was built in 1885 for William W. Gray, Sr., one of the founders of Grayville. George Franklin Barber, a prominent residential architect known for his mail-order house patterns, designed the house in the Queen Anne style. The house&#39;s front entrance is located on a wraparound porch supported by Tuscan columns; the entrance is topped by a shingled pediment. The second floor of the house is also sided with wooden shingles and features a balcony on the north site. A porch topped by a tower projects from the third-level attic on the front facade; a bracketed gable is situated on the opposite side of the facade. The steep hip roof is decorated with patterned, multicolored shingles.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 13, 1992.</p><br>
<p>The James Robert Williams House is a historic house located at 310 E. Main St. in Carmi, Illinois. The house was built in 1896 for James Robert Williams, a USA Representative and political ally of William Jennings Bryan. Prominent residential architect George Franklin Barber designed the red brick house in a blend of the Romanesque Revival and Queen Anne styles. The house has three corner towers, two with crenellated tops and one with a double bell roof; the towers cause the building to resemble a castle. The houses front entrance is surrounded by an arched porch with a balcony on its roof. A loggia is located above the entrance on the houses third level.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1987.</p><br>
<p>The L. Haas Store is a historic commercial building located at 219 E. Main St. in Carmi, Illinois. The store was built in 1896 for merchant Louis Haas, a Jewish immigrant from Germany. Though the store was named for and run by Haas, he did not actually own the building, which was the property of local businessman John Storms. The store was designed in the Italian Renaissance Revival style. The first floor of the store has a cast iron storefront manufactured by the J. B. Mesker Company; the company also made the building&#39;s ornate iron cornice and the iron grilles above the second floor. The second floor features six tall, arched windows, which are topped by a thin strip of curved limestone. The store now houses a history museum run by the White County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 4, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The William and Margaret McFarland Core Farm, now operated as the Ruby Ellen Farm, is a farmstead located at 5946 South Center Highway and 5856 South Lake Leelanau Drive in Bingham Township, Leelanau County, Michigan. The farm was operated by William Core and his descendants for nearly 150 years, from 1865 until 2011. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Core was born in Lincolnshire, England in 1842, the son of Thomas and Annie Core. His family emigrated to Canada in 1846, settling first near Hamilton, Ontario, and later in Lambton, Ontario. William Core left home when he was eighteen to work as a farmhand. He spent a year working on a farm near Detroit, then in 1861 moved to Leelanau County. In 1963, he enlisted in the First Michigan Light Artillery, and spent about a year and a half fighting in the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>In 1865, after his discharge from he army, William Core returned to Leelanau County and purchased 160 acres He immediately began farming the land and constructing buildings. In 1867, William Core married Margaret McFarland, the daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth McFarland. The couple had ten children, eight of whom lived to adulthood: Perry, Arzina, Annie, Lucy, Julius, George, David, and Oscar.</p><br>
<p>The ownership of the farm passed from William Core to his descendants. In 1927 the farm was purchased by William Cores granddaughter Ruby Ellen Core Dobson and her husband Harvey. They continued to own and operate the farm, save for a brief hiatus during the Great Depression when it was repossessed. However, the Dobsons struck a deal to repurchase the farm from the bank. In 1969, on Harveys death, ownership later passed to Ruby and Harvey&#39;s son Rex Dobson.</p><br>
<p>However, Rex never married and was the last of his family line. By 1999, he was concerned about protecting the farmstead from the encroachment of nearby Traverse City suburbs, and sold the development rights on 90 acres of farmland to Michigan&#39;s Farmland Preservation Program to prevent development. In 2002, he created The Rex Dobson Ruby Ellen Farm Foundation to preserve buildings, and in 2005 placed the farmstead on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The William and Margaret McFarland Core Farm is sited among rolling hills, containing fields, woodlands, and orchards. The farm itself consists of 14 buildings on about 150 acres.</p><br>
<p>Nugents Pass or Nugent&#39;s Pass is a gap at an elevation of 4,593 ft in Cochise County, Arizona. The pass was named for John Nugent, who provided notes of his journey with a party of Forty-Niners across what became the Tucson Cutoff to Lt. John G. Parke, on expedition to identify a feasible railroad route from the Pima Villages to the Rio Grande.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Nugent&#39;s Pass was an early alternate route of the Southern Emigrant Trail, called variously the Tucson Cutoff or "Puerto del Dado" Trail (later Apache Pass Trail). Long traveled by Spanish and Mexican soldiers and other early explorers, its first American travelers were likely fur trappers. The route became known to westward-bound American emigrants after it was traveled by a party of Forty-Niners led by John Coffee Hays in 1849.</p><br>
<p>The Tucson Cutoff ran from Cookes Wagon Road on the east side of the Animas Valley west through Steins Pass to the cienega on the nearby San Simon River; through Puerto del Dado to Dos Cabezas Spring; across the Sulphur Springs Valley and Willcox Playa to Croton Springs; through Nugents Pass; down Tres Alamos Wash to the lower crossing of the San Pedro River near Tres Alamos; and finally southwest from Tres Alamos to a waterhole on Cookes Wagon Road on Mescal Wash (just west of modern Mescal), where it linked up again with Cooke&#39;s route to Tucson.</p><br>
<p>In the later 1850s, the stagecoach routes of the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line and Butterfield Overland Mail diverted from the Nugents Pass route at Dos Cabezas Spring to a shorter route south of Willcox Playa, through Dragoon Pass to the middle crossing of the San Pedro River (below the rail and highway bridges of modern Benson and south of Pomerene). However, Nugents Pass remained in use as a wagon route between the San Pedro River and the Sulphur Springs Valley for many decades afterward.</p><br>
<p>The Wilson Mounds and Village Site is a prehistoric archaeological site located in and around the Marshall Ferry Cemetery in Rising Sun, White County, Illinois. The site includes twelve burial mounds and a village site. The site was inhabited by Hopewell peoples from approximately 400 B.C. to 400 A.D. Excavations at the site began in the 1940s; the first formal investigations were conducted the following decade by the Illinois State Museum and the University of Chicago. The site was part of a trade network which spanned much of the eastern United States, as resources from as far away as North Carolina and the Lake Superior region have been found at the site. Two different skeletal types have been recovered from the site, indicating the presence of multiple cultures at the village. The site also includes a prehistoric cemetery in addition to burial mounds, suggesting that burials were organized based on social status.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 16, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Carmi Chapter House is a historic building located at 604 W. Main St. in Carmi, Illinois. The building was constructed between 1909 and 1910 as a meetinghouse for Carmis chapter of the American Womans League. The American Womans League was a political and social organization founded by magazine publisher Edward Gardner Lewis in 1908. The organization was created to promote feminist causes, particularly the womens suffrage movement; Lewis also intended for the organization to promote and sell his women&#39;s magazines. Lewis commissioned the St. Louis architectural firm of Helfensteller, Hirsch & Watson to design five classes of buildings which the League would use as meetinghouses. The Carmi Chapter House is an example of a Class II building, which was designed for clubs with 60 to 100 members. The building was designed in the Prairie School style and cost $2,500. After the club disbanded, it was converted to a private home.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 28, 1980. It is one of nine American Woman&#39;s League chapter houses on the National Register in Illinois.</p><br>
<p>The Waverly Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Waverly, Sussex County, Virginia. The district encompasses 48 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 2 contributing structures in the central business district of Waverly. The buildings represent a variety of popular architectural styles including Folk Victorian and Italianate. They include residential, commercial, governmental, and institutional buildings dating from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries. Notable buildings include the Waverly Municipal Hall , Atlantic and Danville Railroad Station , Masonic Lodge/Town Hall , Boarding House , Moss Hardware Building , Fleetwood Building , Warner Grammer Store , Wilcox Building , former Waverly Post Office/ Palace Cigar and Pool Room , and Waverly Town Shops and Water Tower .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Sebrell Rural Historic District is a national historic district located near Sebrell, Southampton County, Virginia. The district encompasses 112 contributing buildings and 3 contributing site sites near the historically African-American village of Sebrell. The buildings represent a variety of popular architectural styles including Georgian, Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Italianate. They include residential, agricultural, commercial, governmental, and institutional buildings dating from the 18th to mid-20th centuries. Notable buildings include the Jesse Little Plantation House, W.B. Simmons Farm, Snowden, Quarter Farm , Unity Rowes General Store, Davis and Clark Store, Sebrell United Methodist Church , and the St. Mary&#39;s AME Mount Zion Church .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The David Yeiser House is a historic residence on the western side of Paducah, a city in the far western part of the USA state of Kentucky. Built in the 1850s, it is named for an early resident who served as Paducahs mayor and presided over numerous civic improvements. One of the citys few Greek Revival houses predating the 1860s, it sits on the field of a battle that resulted in the destruction of most of the houses around it. Once operated as a museum for Paducah resident Alben W. Barkley, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Occupants</h2><br>
<p>When constructed in 1852, it was the home of William Smedley, owner of a wharfboat on Paducah&#39;s Ohio River landing and of a boat-supply dealership. It was later purchased by David A. Yeiser, a pharmacist and politician; during his thirteen years as mayor, the city constructed its first sewers, placed its first electric lights along the streets, and paved some of its most important streets.</p><br>
<p>After a period of deterioration, the Yeiser House underwent restoration and was converted into a museum under the operation of Paducahs Young Historians Association. Composed of students from the local high school and middle school, the adult-guided group created exhibits and interpreted the museum for visitors. The museums focus was Paducah resident Alben Barkley, who served as Vice President of the United States under Harry S. Truman; among its exhibits were Barkley&#39;s hat and vice-presidential desk, along with photographs of him meeting individuals such as the Pope. Although named the Alben W. Barkley Museum, its exhibits were not completely dedicated to the vice-president; a smaller section was devoted to Paducah native Linn Boyd, a four-year Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural history</h2><br>
<p>Paducah annexed the Lower Town neighborhood in 1836. The neighborhood&#39;s built environment is highly varied, ranging from the earlier Greek Revival style to the later Queen Anne, and also including numerous vernacular structures such as shotguns. Very few of the buildings predate the 1860s: during the Civil War, the Battle of Paducah was fought in the neighborhood. Confederate invaders sought to attack the nearby Union-controlled Fort Anderson, and after the invaders were repulsed, the Union commander ordered that the nearby houses be destroyed in order to deny future invaders the opportunity of approaching the fort by sneaking through the houses. Chief among the few surviving pre-war buildings on the battlefield is the Yeiser House; like most of the other survivors, it is Greek Revival in style, although it differs from most contemporary Kentucky houses because of the sheltered porch on its facade.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>One story tall, the Yeiser House is a brick structure with a shallow hip roof pierced by a pair of chimneys on the roofline. Its walls, fully 1 ft thick, are divided into three bays on the facade. Both Greek Revival and Italianate styling are present: ornamental brackets form a cornice for the roof of the front porch, which is supported by four square columns of brick; the porch is approximately 9 ft deep and 50 ft wide. Located in the facade is the main entrance, framed by sidelights, a transom window, and a pair of elaborate pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The Yeiser House&#39;s appearance from the street is virtually identical to its original appearance. From the rear, the appearance is substantially different: during the 1940s, a porch on the western side of the house was enclosed and made part of the house, and one of the original chimneys were removed. Greater differences were made at the same time to the interior: two fireplaces were destroyed, the bathroom was updated, and the furniture was replaced.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In March 1973, the Yeiser House was added to the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and because of its connection to Yeiser. It was the first McCracken County location to be given this designation, although the Market House downtown was listed approximately three months later. Among the twenty-eight other National Register locations in the county is the Lower Town Neighborhood District, which encompasses part or all of eighteen city blocks in the neighborhood; the Yeiser House is among the most important of the contributing properties in the historic district.</p><br>
<p>Despite the historic status of its building, the Alben W. Barkley Museum is no longer in existence: a single history teacher had supported the museum with both personal efforts and finances, and after the money ran out in 2008, the museum closed. Board members announced the closure at the beginning of August; the city bought the building, and the contents were split up, with some going to the museum in the Market House and others going to other museums.</p><br>
<p>The Lawrenceville County Courthouse, located at 1100 State St. in Lawrenceville, is the county courthouse serving Lawrence County, Illinois. Built in 1888-89, the courthouse is the third used by the county; all three courthouses were built at the same site in Lawrencevilles public square. The McDonald Brothers, an architectural firm from Louisville, Kentucky, designed the building in the Renaissance Revival style. The courthouse has a six-story clock tower with a clock and bell made by the Seth Thomas Clock Company; the tower is topped by an octagonal copper cupola. The main entrance to the courthouse, located below the clock tower on the buildings north side, is surrounded by a stone portico supported by Tuscan columns and topped by a balcony. A copper cornice and limestone architrave encircle the top of the courthouse&#39;s main section; the second-story windows of this section have copper architraves, and a limestone belt course separates the two stories.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 7, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Ambrose Hopkinson House is a historic house located at 122 W. Elm St. in Olney, Illinois. The house was built in 1874 by owner Ambrose Hopkinson, a contractor and bricklayer who immigrated to Illinois from England. The two-story red brick house is designed in the Italianate style. The wraparound porch on the front of the house is supported by chamfered columns and has balustrades on both stories. The entrance bay projects slightly from the house; the main door is decorated with red glass panels and circular moldings. The house&#39;s cornice is composed of decorative panels separated by brackets.</p><br>
<p>The house is now a historic house museum operated by the Richland Heritage Museum Foundation, and is known as the Heritage House.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 9, 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Elliott Street Historic District is a historic district comprising five blocks of South Elliott Street in Olney, Illinois. The district is primarily residential; all but four of the 33 main buildings in the district are single-family homes. South Elliott Street has historically been one of the most desirable neighborhoods in Olney, and the area has consequently been known as the "Silk Stocking District" since the 1850s. The section of Olney including South Elliott Street was platted by William Elliott in 1855, shortly after the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad came through the city and sparked population growth and commercial development. Several of Olney&#39;s pioneers lived in the district, including Aaron Shaw, a USA Representative who gave the city its name. The houses in the district represent a variety of popular architectural styles of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including Italianate, Queen Anne, and Georgian Revival.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 26, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Forestville Historic District is a national historic district located at Forestville, Shenandoah County, Virginia. The district encompasses 84 contributing buildings, 4 contributing sites, and 1 contributing structure in the 19th century mill village of Forestville. The vernacular buildings represent a variety of popular architectural styles including Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Italianate. The buildings date from the late-18th to mid-20th centuries and primarily include log and wood-frame single dwellings, with domestic and agricultural dependencies, that dominate the district are substantiated by a gristmill, two commercial buildings. Also in the district are a church, a cemetery, a post office, two doctors&#39; offices, and a school.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Paine House is a historic house in Xenia, Illinois, which was the home of author Albert Bigelow Paine. Built in 1858, the house was designed using elements of the Greek Revival and Gothic Revival styles. Paine lived in the house from 1873 to 1888; during this time, he began his writing career, authoring several stories and poems. Several of Paines works were published in Xenias local newspapers, which inspired him to pursue his career. Paine later became known for his close friendship with Mark Twain; Paine edited Twains letters and wrote a multi-volume biography of the author. As of the 1980s, the house was still owned and occupied by the descendants of Paines family.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 14, 1985.</p><br>
